This report is part of a policy series that identifies challenges and opportunities in China’s South-South cooperation with Pacific island countries (PICs) in the context of the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs), with a specific focus on SDG 9 related to infrastructure development. It examines challenges and existing development cooperation in two infrastructure sectors: Transport and communications, while taking a brief look at the water and sanitation sub-sector. It mainly focuses on three selected PICs, namely, Fiji, Samoa and Papua New Guinea. This report looks at existing development cooperation in each of the sectors and sub-sectors studied, and draws specific recommendations for China to enhance its infrastructure support to PICs in the context of the SDGs.