Conducted in the five high prevalence provinces of China, the Socio-Economic Impact of HIV/ AIDS study is an important initiative to assess the impact of HIV and AIDS at individual and household levels in the country and make due policy and programmatic response. The study is featured in its scale of survey and dimension of analysis. About 2000 households were surveyed in the five provinces. The spectrum of the analysis covers an unprecedented extent to present a comprehensive overview of the social and economic consequences of HIV and AIDS in China.